The analysis of M/M/1 queue with working vacation in fuzzy environment

This study investigates the FM/FM/1 queue with working vacation. For this fuzzy queuing model, the researcher obtains some performance measure of interest such as the regular busy period, working vacation period, stationary queue length and waiting time. Finally, numerical results are presented to show the effects of system parameters

The FM / FM / 1queue with Single Working Vacation

In this paper, we study aFM / FM / 1 queue with single working vacation for this fuzzy queueing model. We obtain some system characteristic such as the number of customer in the system in steady state, the virtual time of a customer in the system, the server is in idle period, the server is in regular busy period. Finally, numerical results for all the performance measure are presented to show the effects of system parameters

The FMX/FM/1 Queue with Multiple Working Vacation

This study investigates the batch arrival FMX/FM/1 queue with multiple working vacation. For this fuzzy queuing model, this research obtains some performance measure of interest such as mean system length, mean system sojourn time, mean busy period for the server and working vacation period. Finally, numerical results are presented to show the effects of system parameters

Assessment of sustainable vermiconversion of water hyacinth by Eudrilus eugeniae and Eisenia fetida

The present work has assessed sustainable vermiconversion of aquatic weed water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes). The garden soil, water hyacinth and cow dung were taken in the following the combinations of 1: 2 : 1, 2: 1: 1 and 1 : 1: 2. Two species of earthworms Eudrilus eugeniae and Eisenia fetida was used for the experiment. The total nitrogen (0.18% in control and 1.68% in earthworm treated) and phosphate (0.63 % in control and 1.64 % in earthworm treated) levels were increased and toxic heavy metals zinc (7.66 ppm in control and 2.58 ppm in earthworm treated) and copper (6.68 ppm in control and 1.15 ppm in earthworm treated) were significantly decreased. The earthworm enriches the compost with various nutrients for plant and microbial growth. Plant growth studies were conducted in all the combination of water hyacinth, maximum growth of root length (8.9cm and 7.2 in control) and shoot length (21.6cm and 16.2 in control) observed compare to control. Gut microbial analysis revealed that Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus were predominantly present in the earthworm. The study recommended that the aquatic weed compost was suitable of agricultural usage

Mass Transfer Studies in Three-phase Fluidized Bed Using Response Surface Method

Mass transfer characteristics of co-current three-phase fluidization were determined in terms of mass transfer coefficient and Sherwood number using Box-Behnken method. The experiment was carried out in a 5.4 cm I.D, 6 cm O.D and 160 cm high vertical Perspex column. Gypsum particles of diameter 0.0842 cm, 0.1676 cm and 0.2818 cm, water, and air were used as solid, liquid and gaseous phase respectively. Initially, the superficial liquid velocity was maintained constant and superficial gas velocities varied. After attaining steady state, at a particular gas velocity, the fluidized bed height and manometer readings were recorded for pressure drop estimation. The above-mentioned procedure was repeated for four different liquid velocities in a fluidized bed. The effect of individual phase holdup and mass transfer coefficient for various particle sizes with the specific liquid flow rates and gas flow rates were studied. It was observed that the mass transfer coefficient and Sherwood number increased with increase in superficial gas velocity and particle size in cocurrent three-phase fluidized bed. A quadratic model for bed porosity, gas holdup, Sherwood number and mass transfer coefficient were developed using response surface method (RSM)

Potential of distillery effluents for safe water through vermifiltration

Vermifiltration of wastewater using waste eater earthworms is a newly conceived novel technology. The present study evaluated BOD, COD and TS showing significant variation in decrease by 95%, 90% and 80% respectively through vermifiltration of distillery effluents. The nutrient contents (TN, TP, TK, TCa and TMg) in the vermicasts had increase (1.82 % in TN, 0.24% in TP, 2.15% in TK, 2.07% in TCa and 2.86 % in TMg) in the range of fold than the control level. The morphology of the control and experimental vermicast samples were analyzed with SEM and the image showed significant variation. The FT-IR spectrum analysis showed reduction of aliphatic/aromatic (C=C and OH) compounds in the vermicompost. Thus, the present study significantly highlights the vermifiltration technology in treating distillery effluent

Photocatalytic efficiency of brilliant green dye on ZnO loaded on cotton stalk activated carbon

In this study, ZnO loaded on cotton stalk activated carbon (ZnO/CSAC) has been successfully synthesized by the chemical precipitation method. XRD patterns showed that ZnO/CSAC have two phases are hexagonal wurtizite and amorphous structures. The average particle size is reduced (12.4 nm) upon loading CSAC than the ZnO NPs. The band gap value is decreased (2.50 eV) upon loading on CSAC compared to ZnO NPs. The functional groups identify using by FT-IR spectrum. FE-SEM images a pure ZnO revealed a 15–40 nm spherical structure and 10–35 nm large agglomerations spherical structure for ZnO/CSAC and then, EDAX spectrum affirmed the formation of ZnO/CSAC. BET surface area and pore volume of the 22.18 m ^2 g ^−1 and 0.210 cm ^3 g ^−1 for the ZnO NPs and make it increased surface area and pore volume due to the adding CSAC to 263.18 m ^2 g ^−1 and 0.306 cm ^3 g ^−1 . The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of brilliant green (BG) dye and results shows that ZnO/CSAC sample improves photocatalytic activity than the ZnO NPs. Amidst all; ZnO/CSAC showed the maximum degradation the efficiency (90.26%) than the ZnO. These results show that the ZnO/CSAC sample is due to the synergistic effect between ZnO (photocatalysts) and CSAC (adsorption), its also possible mechanism and pseudo-first-order model are used to analysis the kinetics

Mass Transfer Studies in Three-phase Fluidized Bed Using Response Surface Method

Mass transfer characteristics of co-current three-phase fluidization were determined in terms of mass transfer coefficient and Sherwood number using Box-Behnken method. The experiment was carried out in a 5.4 cm I.D, 6 cm O.D and 160 cm high vertical Perspex column. Gypsum particles of diameter 0.0842 cm, 0.1676 cm and 0.2818 cm, water, and air were used as solid, liquid and gaseous phase respectively. Initially, the superficial liquid velocity was maintained constant and superficial gas velocities varied. After attaining steady state, at a particular gas velocity, the fluidized bed height and manometer readings were recorded for pressure drop estimation. The above-mentioned procedure was repeated for four different liquid velocities in a fluidized bed. The effect of individual phase holdup and mass transfer coefficient for various particle sizes with the specific liquid flow rates and gas flow rates were studied. It was observed that the mass transfer coefficient and Sherwood number increased with increase in superficial gas velocity and particle size in cocurrent three-phase fluidized bed. A quadratic model for bed porosity, gas holdup, Sherwood number and mass transfer coefficient were developed using response surface method (RSM)